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What is Cancer? A Layman's Brief Introduction to Cancer

The word cancer is a general term used by doctors to refer to over 200 conditions. Cancer that starts in any organ or part of the body is called primary cancer. The cancer that has been transmitted from one organ of the body to another organ far way is known as Metastatic cancer. Some cancers like rodent ulcers of the skin are so minor that they can be treated within minutes by means of painless surgery. Others are o malignant that long before any signs appear the disease may already be beyond remedy and will resists any means of treatment. The common small cell bronchial carcinoma or lung cancer caused by cigarette smoking is of this difficult and often impossible to treat type.

Most body tissues consist of millions of cells which remain localized in their particular organs. They reproduce very slowly to make up for cell death which routinely happens. Liver cells for example grow very slowly just to make up for wear and tear. But if a piece of liver is removed the surrounding cells will multiply rapidly regenerating liver tissue until the deficiency is restored. In cancer such cell replication is rapid and uncontrolled. Unlike normal cells cancer cells frequently move into tissues of different organ (i.e.) they become metastatic.

Benign and Malignant tumors: The word tumor does not necessarily mean cancer. There are two categories of it - benign and malignant. The benign tumors are not cancers but mere lumps of cells which resemble closely to the tissues from which they have grown but the only difference is that they have multiplied more than normal. They do remain as a lump. In case of Malignant cancerous tumors the cells of the tumor do not resemble the cells of the tissues from which it has arisen. The cells that make up the malignant tumors are deviant and abnormal cells. Malignant tumors are collection of cells that have suffered a mutation of their genetic material the DNA. A number of factors can cause such DNA mutation like chemicals, radiation, viruses etc.

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