When the tsu syllable is added before the syllables beginning with k,p, and t (i.e. the consonants sounds of k,p, or t) a hardened double consonant sound is produced. You literally spit out the sounds or, as I like to put it, smack the consonants. To better understand where I am coming from, imagine two billiard balls sitting on a pool table. One of the balls is a word that contains a single consonant sound like k, the other ball is the syllable tsu. Now shoot the k ball with your cue ball and when they hit upon impact kk sound. when the consonant sounds are doubled. This doubled consonant phenomenon can be likened to the English word bookkeeper. In bookkeeper the sound of the consonant k is doubled, adding the syllable tsu to ka, ki, ku, ke, ko, ta chi, tsu, te, to or, pa,pi,pu,pe,or po doubles the consonant sound of the consonant sound of the syllable immediately following it.

Japanese pronunciation rule #1 - A small (tsu) doubles the consonant sound that immediately follows it.

Examples:

makka - deep red, completely red

jikken - experiment or test

shuppan - publish , shuppatsu - departure

zettai - absoluteness

tokkyo - patent (not the city toukyou which has the elongated

happi - the English word happy in katakana

gakkou - school

chotto - a little bit, a dink

appuru - apple

When n is not connected to a vowel (i.e. usage of the last syllable of the Japanese syllabary or (n) , it is like a syllable unto itself. It receives a full count if language were a music it would receive the same amount of time that a 2 lettered syllable receives., and is denoted by the apostrophe '. For example:

1. Kin'en this is Japanese for no smoking not kinen or the word for anniversary.

so it has 4 syllables and the word for anniversary has 3.

To get a better feel of how the Japanese say words that begin with ra, ri, ru, re, or ro, do this: First, say to yourself in English the word Eddy then, make sure the tip of your tongue is touching delicately behind the upper front teeth and say it again Pronouncing it with just the right amount of lightness of tongue and a flicking forward of the tongue in this manner, you will come close to an acceptable pronunciation of the Japanese word for eri or collar.