The Two Main Types of Orchids

The two types that make up all species and hybrids within the orchid family are the epiphytes and terrestrial orchids. They differ in that the terrestrial types grow from the ground while the epiphytes flourish when they are embedded in trees and surrounding rocks or poles.

1. Epiphytes - Ironically, the epiphytes orchids fall under a broader category of plant life that grow above soil, and therefore they do not reserve the name "epiphytes" exclusively for themselves. Some epiphytes orchids are known to cling to the surface of rocks. However, most of this orchid type generally grow upon trees because they can utilize its resources to feed. Much of the roots and bark from the tree serve as rich nutrients for the plant. One such orchid is the phalaenopsis orchid, which can be cultivated very easily. These orchids tend to bloom flowers with longer lifespans than most others. You will oftentimes find them placed in wedding ceremonies because of their soft, beautiful colors. Another such type of epiphytes orchid is the dendrobium orchid. These orchids are more well known among the orchid-growing community. In terms of care, they demand more attention than cymbidium orchids and will bloom more sporadically. There are over 1000 dendrobium species and they are generally found in tropic environments, namely India, South East Asia, Polynesia, and Australia. In these locations, the plant is forced to sustain itself through wet and dry periods, thus their roots are sponge-like on the outside and tough on the inside. When it rains, the spongy material allows the water to penetrate the core and nourish the plant. The roots will then distribute the moisture to the orchid's plant tissues. When this material turns a light green, it indicates the orchid's off-white coating is dry. In a home environment, it is important to let the plant reach this point of saturation - you do not want to keep the plant continuously submerged in water. For this reason, it is best to keep your dendrobium orchid (and most other orchid plants) moist when you are taking care of it because they are most familiar with this type of climate.

2. Terrestrial - The terrestrial types of orchids are the most popular orchid species. Like most other plants, the terrestrial orchid grows below the ground. Although, there are also other forms of orchids that can be considered "semi-terrestrial" in nature because they contain roots systems that are planted into the ground as well as above it. One such plant is the cymbidium orchid, which has 40 species and many thousands of hybrids. Moreover, the cymbidium is considered one of the oldest species of the orchid family and has been known to grow around rocks and within trees. This orchid also seems to do very well in loose wood and leaf compost settings. The cymbidium orchid's natural origins string back to Australia, Southeast Asia, and Japan. They are a favorite to cultivate among beginning growers because they are so easy to take care of if given the right resources.

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