Question:

I'm an entrepreneur and have finished my business plan. I'm getting ready to raise $2 million for my startup real estate company - but a friend of mine said I should only talk to accredited investors. I'm not exactly sure what an accredited investor is and I don't understand why I can't talk to anybody I want to about investing in my company?

Answer:

The term, accredited investors, has to do with securities laws - both federal and state - and making sure you comply with the very onerous restrictions that go with the fundraising for your start up company. I'll give you both the short and long answer to what an accredited investor is in a minute. But the first thing you need to know is that if you raising capital from angel (AKA private) investors, you will almost certainly need more than just a business plan. You need what's known as a Reg D Private Placement Memorandum - PPM - in order to comply with federal and state securities laws.

If you plan on pitching your deal JUST to traditional venture capital, you do not need a PPM. However, well over 95% of start up companies are too small, too embryonic, to hit the threshold funding levels, growth levels and potential market caps to attract VC funding. Hence, over 95% of start up companies will seek their funding from private investors. Hence, over 95% will need a Reg D PPM.

Reg D is a securities law exemption for private placements that allows companies to raise investor funds without all the costly and overwhelmingly onerous legal and accounting requirements of a public offering of stock. To qualify for the Reg D exemption, you have to follow very stringent rules. One is having the PPM. Another is not soliciting the general public (this is a biggie.) Another is only pitching the deal to those investors who can really afford to take the risk and lose their money. Hence, they need to be accredited. It actually gets more complicated in that you can usually offer your deal to up to 35 unaccredited investors with most offerings, depending on how they are structured - but trust me when I say that you are better off sticking with the more sophisticated accredited investors.

If you want more detail on it, check out my web site - there you can see why you want to do this, some of the onerous penalties for not doing this (e.g. possible but not probable jail time), and the full listing of Reg D I got from the SEC. Also, from that same page, you can jump to the definition of an accredited investor.