There are many different scales of train models, ranging from the really tiny (N scale) to the kind you can actually ride on (Live steam or Grand scale). There are other smaller sizes but they are not widely used.
G Scale
The G Scale train is a larger train used primarily in garden railways as an impressive display; these trains are typically larger than the other scales and are probably the largest to be used practically by the regular hobbyist. Since they are made to be indoor and outdoor trains, they are built to be fairly durable.
HO Scale
The most popular size for hobbyists would be the H0 scale. Known as the HO scale by the vast majority, it gets its name from being half of the 0 scale. Just about every model train manufacturer makes trains, tracks, and other accessories that will fit this scale so you'll be able to build the exact train system you want.
N Scale
The N Scale train is one of the smallest that is widely available commercially. It is considerably smaller than the HO scale and allows for the design of elaborate tracks that would normally take up a lot of space. Other scales are smaller, but because of their size, they lack reliability while in operation.
Power Considerations
To power your trains, you have a choice between battery power, low voltage DC supplied through the track, or AC power directly. If you're going with Lionel as your main manufacturer, then you're pretty much limited to AC. If you want to be considered serious as a railway hobbyist, then you'll need to avoid battery power at all costs. Battery powered train sets are considered to be mostly toys as they are cheaply made and geared towards smaller children.
Two of the most popular ways to control model train behavior is either through operator control or through computer control. By controlling manually, you risk collisions or other problems. Going with computer control can allow all of that to be regulated for you.
Layout and Scenery
You can't just have a train that runs around a track layout - well, you could, but it's not complete by a long shot. You need to fill in the scene with other aesthetics such as natural landscaping and city layouts. This would increase the realism and add more flare than just a train running around on a track.
You have many choices for your landscaping including starting with your train manufacturer. The good news is you're not limited to just the manufacturer as you could use buildings, roadways, terrain and other environmental elements from just about any company that would put out scale models for what you need.
Getting Creative
Of course, you could just make your own buildings and add your personal touch to your train set. Using basic crafting skills you can construct just about anything you'd need for your railway scene, from grass and trees to buildings and bridges.
About this Author
Denis Gardner is a model trains enthusiast and enjoys helping others get started in the amazing hobby. His newest book, The Ultimate Guide to Model Trains, teaches hobbyists everything they need to know about model trains including scale, layouts, benchwork, scenery and more.
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