Sterilization is a highly effective and permanent method of birth control for both men and women. In simple terms, sterilization is a lifelong method of contraception for both men and women. It is very effective to prevent the union of the male sperm with the female egg and thus prevent pregnancy. In most cases, this method is safe and free of problems. Sterilization in men is called Vasectomy whereas in women, it is called Tubectomy.

Sterilization should be regarded as a once and for all procedure. It is not reversible. Through it is safer procedure for men than women, yet more women are sterilized than men because it is the women that bear the impact of pregnancy.

Scientists are now developing sterilization methods that do not involve surgery. Governments of several countries are encouraging such operation and offering several incentives as a part of birth control measures. There is now such a wide range of family planning methods that most couples should be able to find at least one that meet their needs.

Sterilization in Men and Women

Vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure which prevents the release of sperm when a man ejaculates. It involves making two small cuts in the scrotum in order to snip the duct known as Vas Deferens on each side and tie off the cut ends, so that sperm cannot travel into the man urethra and out of his penis. After a man has been sterilized, and once his semen no longer contains sperm, he cannot make a woman pregnant. But he can still have erection, ejaculation and enjoy sex in the same way that he did before he was sterilized.

Vasectomy is done by a trained doctor in ten to twenty minutes. After that, man can go back to work or continue with his usual routine within hours. This operation is done under a local anaesthesia so there is no pain.

Tubectomy is surgical procedure in which the female fallopian tubes are cut to prevent future pregnancies in women. This method of sterilization involves closing off both fallopian tubes so that ova cannot travel into the uterus. This means that the woman cannot get pregnant. But she still has menstrual period and can enjoy sex in the same way that she did before she was sterilized. She still ovules normally, but the egg is absorbed by the body instead of being shed during the period. This method is also very simple now.