There are five main types of saltwater aquarium filters:
- Biological filters
- Canister filters
- Protein skimmers
- Under gravel filters (UGF)
- Wet/dry trickle filters
The first think you need to do is decide whether or not you want to run a sump. A sump is a type of pump that is extremely versatile, increases the volume of water in the filtration system, can be hidden out of sight, and can also double as a refugium for live rocks, algae, and mangroves.
Of course, there are a few minor problems you may encounter if you decide to run a sump. It may be fairly difficult to plumb a sump. There is an increased risk of external water leaks. And they can also be fairly noisy. Still, even with the risk of these minor issues, they are much more effective and efficient than other pumps, so I recommend choosing a sump.
If you choose to use a sump, you will have the widest possible array of equipment available for your use. There are all sorts of accessories designed specifically for use with sumps, including protein skimmers, heaters, wet/dry filters, algae, live rocks, and more.
If you use a sump, you have two choices for the location of your filter. If you locate it externally, you will have more options available, and you won't need extra equipment to attack the filter to your system.
Saltwater Aquarium External Filters
External filters will make the tank look cleaner and less cluttered, but they will have to be located outside the tank where they will generally be visible. External filters also have a greater potential for water leaks outside the tank.
Saltwater Aquarium Filters - Without A Sump
If you aren't using a sump, you can choose remote-mounted equipment. This will help you keep your filtration system a distance away from your tank, which enables you to keep it hidden out of site. Some types of equipment can be adapted for remote mounting, including in-sump protein skimmers, many canister filters, and some wet-dry combination systems. Just be aware that some equipment must be kept at the same level as the tank, so they may not be as easy to hide.
Some types of equipment can be hung onto the back of your tank. This is a good solution for many people, because these items are fairly hidden, especially if you are using a background in your tank. Most types of accessories can be purchased to hang on like this.
Saltwater Reef Aquarium Filtration
If you prefer only in-tank equipment, your choices will be fairly limited. Most reef systems rely on in-tank filtration systems. Under gravel filters are the most popular type of system. They require quite a bit of maintenance, but they are very inexpensive, and can even be custom-built at home.
Reef system purists may prefer to use a live rock or Berlin system or a live sand system. These have been in use in reef systems for quite a long time, and many reef tank owners prefer them.
Other types of in-tank equipment available include in-tank skimmers, submersible pumps, and submersible heaters. These can make your tank look cluttered, but they are also generally widely-available and fairly inexpensive.
About this Author
Denis Gardner discusses saltwater aquarium filters and enjoys helping others get started in the amazing and relaxing hobby. His newest book, "The Ultimate Guide to Saltwater Aquariums", teaches aquarists everything they need to know about starting and maintaining a beautiful, thriving saltwater aquarium.
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