The controversy of our origins starts with the creation of the parents of humankind, Adam and Eve respectively. The Bible says that, after giving birth to all nonliving and animal forms on Earth, God created a couple of humans, one male and one female. First was created the man from dust into whom God breathed life. His name, Adam, comes from a Hebrew term which means earth and indicates his provenience. Not immediately after, the Creator gave Adam a female companion, creating her out of one of his ribs, while he was asleep. These two were put in charge of the planet through divine will. This fact can be interpreted in two different ways. Having control over the planet might imply that humans can do whatever they like with it or that they have a huge responsibility which has to carried out with care, skill and good judgment.
According to the Bible, Adam and Eve led a peaceful life in a safe and careless environment, where they didn't have any notion about what means to be ashamed of being naked, for instance. This wonderful place was called the Garden of Eden. The Bible even provides some geographical indexes related to its location. In Genesis 2:10 it is stated: "A river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and there it divided and became four rivers". These four rivers are: the Pishon (which flows around the region of Havilah), the Gihon (flowing around Cush), the Tigris and the Euphrates (the last two in Mesopotamia). If we are to take these geographical clues for granted, it would result that the Garden of Eden was placed right in the vicinity of modern-day Iraq. Today, this area is nothing but a hot, dry region.
There are some old Hebrew stories that account of the existence of a wife of Adam before Eve. Her name was Lilith and she refused to be dominated by or equal to Adam. According to the stories, she left him and became a demoness that tormented newborn babies. Eve was than created.
Scientists have exploited the story of Adam and Eve to verify the idea of all humans originating in the same ancestor. A study that examined the mutations found in Mitochondrial DNA (a type of DNA transferred from mother to child) revealed that there was a common ancestor in Africa about 200,000 years ago.
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